以太坊挖矿流程与智能合约部署详解<\/h1>

一、以太坊挖矿核心概念<\/h2>
以太坊挖矿是通过工作量证明(PoW)机制来验证交易和创建新区块的过程，矿工通过解决复杂的数学难题来获得区块奖励和交易费用。<\/p>

1.1 挖矿参数配置<\/h3>
挖矿配置参数定义在miner\/miner.go<\/code>中：<\/p>
type<\/span> Config<\/span> struct<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>    Etherbase<\/span>  common<\/span>.Address<\/span> `toml:",omitempty"`<\/span>  \/\/ 挖矿奖励接收地址
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    Notify<\/span>     []string<\/span>       `toml:",omitempty"`<\/span>  \/\/ 新工作包通知URL列表
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    NotifyFull<\/span> bool<\/span>           `toml:",omitempty"`<\/span>  \/\/ 是否使用完整区块头通知
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    ExtraData<\/span>  hexutil<\/span>.Bytes<\/span>  `toml:",omitempty"`<\/span>  \/\/ 矿工添加的额外数据
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    GasFloor<\/span>   uint64<\/span>         \/\/ 区块最低Gas限制
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    GasCeil<\/span>    uint64<\/span>         \/\/ 区块最高Gas限制
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    GasPrice<\/span>   *<\/span>big<\/span>.Int<\/span>       \/\/ 最低交易Gas价格
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    Recommit<\/span>   time<\/span>.Duration<\/span>  \/\/ 重新创建挖矿工作的时间间隔
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    Noverify<\/span>   bool<\/span>           \/\/ 是否禁用远程挖矿验证
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>}
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>1.2 矿工核心数据结构<\/h3>
type<\/span> Miner<\/span> struct<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>    mux<\/span>        *<\/span>event<\/span>.TypeMux<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    worker<\/span>     *<\/span>worker<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    coinbase<\/span>   common<\/span>.Address<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    eth<\/span>        Backend<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    engine<\/span>     consensus<\/span>.Engine<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    exitCh<\/span>     chan<\/span> struct<\/span>{}
<\/span><\/span>    startCh<\/span>    chan<\/span> common<\/span>.Address<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    stopCh<\/span>     chan<\/span> struct<\/span>{}
<\/span><\/span>}
<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>type<\/span> worker<\/span> struct<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>    config<\/span>       *<\/span>Config<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    chainConfig<\/span>  *<\/span>params<\/span>.ChainConfig<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    engine<\/span>       consensus<\/span>.Engine<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    eth<\/span>          Backend<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    chain<\/span>        *<\/span>core<\/span>.BlockChain<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    \/\/ 其他字段...
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>}
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>二、挖矿流程详解<\/h2>
2.1 矿工实例创建<\/h3>
func<\/span> New<\/span>(eth<\/span> Backend<\/span>, config<\/span> *<\/span>Config<\/span>, chainConfig<\/span> *<\/span>params<\/span>.ChainConfig<\/span>, 
<\/span><\/span>       mux<\/span> *<\/span>event<\/span>.TypeMux<\/span>, engine<\/span> consensus<\/span>.Engine<\/span>, 
<\/span><\/span>       isLocalBlock<\/span> func<\/span>(block<\/span> *<\/span>types<\/span>.Block<\/span>) bool<\/span>) *<\/span>Miner<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>    miner<\/span> :=<\/span> &<\/span>Miner<\/span>{
<\/span><\/span>        eth<\/span>:      eth<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>        mux<\/span>:      mux<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>        engine<\/span>:   engine<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>        exitCh<\/span>:   make(chan<\/span> struct<\/span>{}),
<\/span><\/span>        startCh<\/span>:  make(chan<\/span> common<\/span>.Address<\/span>),
<\/span><\/span>        stopCh<\/span>:   make(chan<\/span> struct<\/span>{}),
<\/span><\/span>        worker<\/span>:   newWorker<\/span>(config<\/span>, chainConfig<\/span>, engine<\/span>, eth<\/span>, mux<\/span>, isLocalBlock<\/span>, true<\/span>),
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>    go<\/span> miner<\/span>.update<\/span>()
<\/span><\/span>    return<\/span> miner<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>}
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>2.2 挖矿核心循环<\/h3>
2.2.1 newWorkLoop<\/h4>
负责在收到事件时提交新的挖矿工作：<\/p>
func<\/span> (w<\/span> *<\/span>worker<\/span>) newWorkLoop<\/span>(recommit<\/span> time<\/span>.Duration<\/span>) {
<\/span><\/span>    \/\/ 初始化定时器...
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    
<\/span><\/span>    commit<\/span> :=<\/span> func<\/span>(noempty<\/span> bool<\/span>, s<\/span> int32<\/span>) {
<\/span><\/span>        \/\/ 中断当前任务并提交新工作
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>        if<\/span> interrupt<\/span> !=<\/span> nil<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>            atomic<\/span>.StoreInt32<\/span>(interrupt<\/span>, s<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>        }
<\/span><\/span>        interrupt<\/span> = new(int32<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>        w<\/span>.newWorkCh<\/span> <-<\/span> &<\/span>newWorkReq<\/span>{
<\/span><\/span>            interrupt<\/span>: interrupt<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>            noempty<\/span>:   noempty<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>            timestamp<\/span>: timestamp<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>        }
<\/span><\/span>        timer<\/span>.Reset<\/span>(recommit<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>        atomic<\/span>.StoreInt32<\/span>(&<\/span>w<\/span>.newTxs<\/span>, 0<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>    
<\/span><\/span>    \/\/ 清理过期的待处理任务
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    clearPending<\/span> :=<\/span> func<\/span>(number<\/span> uint64<\/span>) {
<\/span><\/span>        w<\/span>.pendingMu<\/span>.Lock<\/span>()
<\/span><\/span>        for<\/span> h<\/span>, t<\/span> :=<\/span> range<\/span> w<\/span>.pendingTasks<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>            if<\/span> t<\/span>.block<\/span>.NumberU64<\/span>()+<\/span>staleThreshold<\/span> <=<\/span> number<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>                delete(w<\/span>.pendingTasks<\/span>, h<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>            }
<\/span><\/span>        }
<\/span><\/span>        w<\/span>.pendingMu<\/span>.Unlock<\/span>()
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>    
<\/span><\/span>    \/\/ 主循环
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    for<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        select<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        case<\/span> <-<\/span>w<\/span>.startCh<\/span>:
<\/span><\/span>            clearPending<\/span>(w<\/span>.chain<\/span>.CurrentBlock<\/span>().NumberU64<\/span>())
<\/span><\/span>            timestamp<\/span> = time<\/span>.Now<\/span>().Unix<\/span>()
<\/span><\/span>            commit<\/span>(false<\/span>, commitInterruptNewHead<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>        case<\/span> head<\/span> :=<\/span> <-<\/span>w<\/span>.chainHeadCh<\/span>:
<\/span><\/span>            clearPending<\/span>(head<\/span>.Block<\/span>.NumberU64<\/span>())
<\/span><\/span>            timestamp<\/span> = time<\/span>.Now<\/span>().Unix<\/span>()
<\/span><\/span>            commit<\/span>(false<\/span>, commitInterruptNewHead<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>        \/\/ 其他case处理...
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>        }
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>}
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>2.2.2 mainLoop<\/h4>
处理新工作请求、分叉事件和交易池更新：<\/p>
func<\/span> (w<\/span> *<\/span>worker<\/span>) mainLoop<\/span>() {
<\/span><\/span>    defer<\/span> w<\/span>.txsSub<\/span>.Unsubscribe<\/span>()
<\/span><\/span>    defer<\/span> w<\/span>.chainHeadSub<\/span>.Unsubscribe<\/span>()
<\/span><\/span>    defer<\/span> w<\/span>.chainSideSub<\/span>.Unsubscribe<\/span>()
<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    for<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        select<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        case<\/span> req<\/span> :=<\/span> <-<\/span>w<\/span>.newWorkCh<\/span>:
<\/span><\/span>            w<\/span>.commitNewWork<\/span>(req<\/span>.interrupt<\/span>, req<\/span>.noempty<\/span>, req<\/span>.timestamp<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>        case<\/span> ev<\/span> :=<\/span> <-<\/span>w<\/span>.chainSideCh<\/span>:
<\/span><\/span>            \/\/ 处理叔块
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>            if<\/span> w<\/span>.isLocalBlock<\/span> !=<\/span> nil<\/span> &&<\/span> w<\/span>.isLocalBlock<\/span>(ev<\/span>.Block<\/span>) {
<\/span><\/span>                w<\/span>.localUncles<\/span>[ev<\/span>.Block<\/span>.Hash<\/span>()] = ev<\/span>.Block<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>            } else<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>                w<\/span>.remoteUncles<\/span>[ev<\/span>.Block<\/span>.Hash<\/span>()] = ev<\/span>.Block<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>            }
<\/span><\/span>            \/\/ 如果当前区块叔块少于2个，尝试添加
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>            if<\/span> w<\/span>.isRunning<\/span>() &&<\/span> w<\/span>.current<\/span> !=<\/span> nil<\/span> &&<\/span> w<\/span>.current<\/span>.uncles<\/span>.Cardinality<\/span>() < 2<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>                if<\/span> err<\/span> :=<\/span> w<\/span>.commitUncle<\/span>(w<\/span>.current<\/span>, ev<\/span>.Block<\/span>.Header<\/span>()); err<\/span> ==<\/span> nil<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>                    \/\/ 提交新区块
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>                }
<\/span><\/span>            }
<\/span><\/span>        case<\/span> ev<\/span> :=<\/span> <-<\/span>w<\/span>.txsCh<\/span>:
<\/span><\/span>            \/\/ 处理交易池更新
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>            if<\/span> !w<\/span>.isRunning<\/span>() &&<\/span> w<\/span>.current<\/span> !=<\/span> nil<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>                \/\/ 执行交易并更新状态
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>            }
<\/span><\/span>        \/\/ 其他case处理...
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>        }
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>}
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>2.3 区块打包流程<\/h3>
2.3.1 commitNewWork<\/h4>
func<\/span> (w<\/span> *<\/span>worker<\/span>) commitNewWork<\/span>(interrupt<\/span> *<\/span>int32<\/span>, noempty<\/span> bool<\/span>, timestamp<\/span> int64<\/span>) {
<\/span><\/span>    \/\/ 获取父区块
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    parent<\/span> :=<\/span> w<\/span>.chain<\/span>.CurrentBlock<\/span>()
<\/span><\/span>    
<\/span><\/span>    \/\/ 创建新区块头
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    header<\/span> :=<\/span> &<\/span>types<\/span>.Header<\/span>{
<\/span><\/span>        ParentHash<\/span>: parent<\/span>.Hash<\/span>(),
<\/span><\/span>        Number<\/span>:     num<\/span>.Add<\/span>(num<\/span>, common<\/span>.Big1<\/span>),
<\/span><\/span>        GasLimit<\/span>:   core<\/span>.CalcGasLimit<\/span>(parent<\/span>, w<\/span>.config<\/span>.GasFloor<\/span>, w<\/span>.config<\/span>.GasCeil<\/span>),
<\/span><\/span>        Extra<\/span>:      w<\/span>.extra<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>        Time<\/span>:       uint64(timestamp<\/span>),
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>    
<\/span><\/span>    \/\/ 设置矿工地址
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    if<\/span> w<\/span>.isRunning<\/span>() {
<\/span><\/span>        header<\/span>.Coinbase<\/span> = w<\/span>.coinbase<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>    
<\/span><\/span>    \/\/ 准备共识引擎
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    if<\/span> err<\/span> :=<\/span> w<\/span>.engine<\/span>.Prepare<\/span>(w<\/span>.chain<\/span>, header<\/span>); err<\/span> !=<\/span> nil<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        return<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>    
<\/span><\/span>    \/\/ 处理DAO分叉
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    if<\/span> daoBlock<\/span> :=<\/span> w<\/span>.chainConfig<\/span>.DAOForkBlock<\/span>; daoBlock<\/span> !=<\/span> nil<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        \/\/ 处理分叉逻辑...
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>    
<\/span><\/span>    \/\/ 创建工作环境
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    if<\/span> err<\/span> :=<\/span> w<\/span>.makeCurrent<\/span>(parent<\/span>, header<\/span>); err<\/span> !=<\/span> nil<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        return<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>    
<\/span><\/span>    \/\/ 添加叔块
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    uncles<\/span> :=<\/span> make([]*<\/span>types<\/span>.Header<\/span>, 0<\/span>, 2<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>    commitUncles<\/span> :=<\/span> func<\/span>(blocks<\/span> map<\/span>[common<\/span>.Hash<\/span>]*<\/span>types<\/span>.Block<\/span>) {
<\/span><\/span>        \/\/ 清理过期叔块并添加新叔块
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>    commitUncles<\/span>(w<\/span>.localUncles<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>    commitUncles<\/span>(w<\/span>.remoteUncles<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>    
<\/span><\/span>    \/\/ 创建空区块（如果需要）
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    if<\/span> !noempty<\/span> &&<\/span> atomic<\/span>.LoadUint32<\/span>(&<\/span>w<\/span>.noempty<\/span>) ==<\/span> 0<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        w<\/span>.commit<\/span>(uncles<\/span>, nil<\/span>, false<\/span>, tstart<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>    
<\/span><\/span>    \/\/ 从交易池获取待处理交易
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    pending<\/span>, err<\/span> :=<\/span> w<\/span>.eth<\/span>.TxPool<\/span>().Pending<\/span>()
<\/span><\/span>    if<\/span> err<\/span> !=<\/span> nil<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        return<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>    
<\/span><\/span>    \/\/ 分离本地和远程交易
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    localTxs<\/span>, remoteTxs<\/span> :=<\/span> make(map<\/span>[common<\/span>.Address<\/span>]types<\/span>.Transactions<\/span>), pending<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    for<\/span> _<\/span>, account<\/span> :=<\/span> range<\/span> w<\/span>.eth<\/span>.TxPool<\/span>().Locals<\/span>() {
<\/span><\/span>        if<\/span> txs<\/span> :=<\/span> remoteTxs<\/span>[account<\/span>]; len(txs<\/span>) > 0<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>            delete(remoteTxs<\/span>, account<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>            localTxs<\/span>[account<\/span>] = txs<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>        }
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>    
<\/span><\/span>    \/\/ 提交交易
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    if<\/span> len(localTxs<\/span>) > 0<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        txs<\/span> :=<\/span> types<\/span>.NewTransactionsByPriceAndNonce<\/span>(w<\/span>.current<\/span>.signer<\/span>, localTxs<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>        if<\/span> w<\/span>.commitTransactions<\/span>(txs<\/span>, w<\/span>.coinbase<\/span>, interrupt<\/span>) {
<\/span><\/span>            return<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>        }
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>    if<\/span> len(remoteTxs<\/span>) > 0<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        txs<\/span> :=<\/span> types<\/span>.NewTransactionsByPriceAndNonce<\/span>(w<\/span>.current<\/span>.signer<\/span>, remoteTxs<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>        if<\/span> w<\/span>.commitTransactions<\/span>(txs<\/span>, w<\/span>.coinbase<\/span>, interrupt<\/span>) {
<\/span><\/span>            return<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>        }
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>    
<\/span><\/span>    \/\/ 最终提交
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    w<\/span>.commit<\/span>(uncles<\/span>, w<\/span>.fullTaskHook<\/span>, true<\/span>, tstart<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>}
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>2.3.2 commitTransactions<\/h4>
func<\/span> (w<\/span> *<\/span>worker<\/span>) commitTransactions<\/span>(txs<\/span> *<\/span>types<\/span>.TransactionsByPriceAndNonce<\/span>, coinbase<\/span> common<\/span>.Address<\/span>, interrupt<\/span> *<\/span>int32<\/span>) bool<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>    for<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        \/\/ 检查中断信号
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>        if<\/span> interrupt<\/span> !=<\/span> nil<\/span> &&<\/span> atomic<\/span>.LoadInt32<\/span>(interrupt<\/span>) !=<\/span> commitInterruptNone<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>            return<\/span> true<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>        }
<\/span><\/span>        
<\/span><\/span>        \/\/ 获取下一个交易
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>        tx<\/span> :=<\/span> txs<\/span>.Peek<\/span>()
<\/span><\/span>        if<\/span> tx<\/span> ==<\/span> nil<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>            break<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>        }
<\/span><\/span>        
<\/span><\/span>        \/\/ 执行交易
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>        w<\/span>.current<\/span>.state<\/span>.Prepare<\/span>(tx<\/span>.Hash<\/span>(), common<\/span>.Hash<\/span>{}, w<\/span>.current<\/span>.tcount<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>        logs<\/span>, err<\/span> :=<\/span> w<\/span>.commitTransaction<\/span>(tx<\/span>, coinbase<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>        
<\/span><\/span>        \/\/ 处理执行结果
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>        switch<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        case<\/span> err<\/span> ==<\/span> nil<\/span>:
<\/span><\/span>            \/\/ 交易成功，添加到收据
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>            w<\/span>.current<\/span>.tcount<\/span>++<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>            w<\/span>.current<\/span>.receipts<\/span> = append(w<\/span>.current<\/span>.receipts<\/span>, receipt<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>            w<\/span>.current<\/span>.logs<\/span> = append(w<\/span>.current<\/span>.logs<\/span>, logs<\/span>...<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>            
<\/span><\/span>        \/\/ 其他错误处理...
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>        }
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>    return<\/span> false<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>}
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>2.4 挖矿任务处理<\/h3>
2.4.1 taskLoop<\/h4>
func<\/span> (w<\/span> *<\/span>worker<\/span>) taskLoop<\/span>() {
<\/span><\/span>    var<\/span> (
<\/span><\/span>        stopCh<\/span> chan<\/span> struct<\/span>{}
<\/span><\/span>        prev<\/span>   common<\/span>.Hash<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    )
<\/span><\/span>    
<\/span><\/span>    interrupt<\/span> :=<\/span> func<\/span>() {
<\/span><\/span>        if<\/span> stopCh<\/span> !=<\/span> nil<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>            close(stopCh<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>            stopCh<\/span> = nil<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>        }
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>    
<\/span><\/span>    for<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        select<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        case<\/span> task<\/span> :=<\/span> <-<\/span>w<\/span>.taskCh<\/span>:
<\/span><\/span>            \/\/ 检查重复任务
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>            sealHash<\/span> :=<\/span> w<\/span>.engine<\/span>.SealHash<\/span>(task<\/span>.block<\/span>.Header<\/span>())
<\/span><\/span>            if<\/span> sealHash<\/span> ==<\/span> prev<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>                continue<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>            }
<\/span><\/span>            
<\/span><\/span>            \/\/ 中断之前的挖矿操作
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>            interrupt<\/span>()
<\/span><\/span>            stopCh<\/span>, prev<\/span> = make(chan<\/span> struct<\/span>{}), sealHash<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>            
<\/span><\/span>            \/\/ 添加到待处理任务
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>            w<\/span>.pendingMu<\/span>.Lock<\/span>()
<\/span><\/span>            w<\/span>.pendingTasks<\/span>[sealHash<\/span>] = task<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>            w<\/span>.pendingMu<\/span>.Unlock<\/span>()
<\/span><\/span>            
<\/span><\/span>            \/\/ 开始挖矿
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>            if<\/span> err<\/span> :=<\/span> w<\/span>.engine<\/span>.Seal<\/span>(w<\/span>.chain<\/span>, task<\/span>.block<\/span>, w<\/span>.resultCh<\/span>, stopCh<\/span>); err<\/span> !=<\/span> nil<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>                log<\/span>.Warn<\/span>("Block sealing failed"<\/span>, "err"<\/span>, err<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>            }
<\/span><\/span>        \/\/ 其他case处理...
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>        }
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>}
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>2.4.2 resultLoop<\/h4>
func<\/span> (w<\/span> *<\/span>worker<\/span>) resultLoop<\/span>() {
<\/span><\/span>    for<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        select<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        case<\/span> block<\/span> :=<\/span> <-<\/span>w<\/span>.resultCh<\/span>:
<\/span><\/span>            \/\/ 获取相关任务
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>            var<\/span> (
<\/span><\/span>                sealhash<\/span> = w<\/span>.engine<\/span>.SealHash<\/span>(block<\/span>.Header<\/span>())
<\/span><\/span>                hash<\/span>     = block<\/span>.Hash<\/span>()
<\/span><\/span>            )
<\/span><\/span>            w<\/span>.pendingMu<\/span>.RLock<\/span>()
<\/span><\/span>            task<\/span>, exist<\/span> :=<\/span> w<\/span>.pendingTasks<\/span>[sealhash<\/span>]
<\/span><\/span>            w<\/span>.pendingMu<\/span>.RUnlock<\/span>()
<\/span><\/span>            
<\/span><\/span>            if<\/span> !exist<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>                continue<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>            }
<\/span><\/span>            
<\/span><\/span>            \/\/ 更新收据和日志
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>            var<\/span> (
<\/span><\/span>                receipts<\/span> = make([]*<\/span>types<\/span>.Receipt<\/span>, len(task<\/span>.receipts<\/span>))
<\/span><\/span>                logs<\/span>     []*<\/span>types<\/span>.Log<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>            )
<\/span><\/span>            for<\/span> i<\/span>, receipt<\/span> :=<\/span> range<\/span> task<\/span>.receipts<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>                receipt<\/span>.BlockHash<\/span> = hash<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>                receipt<\/span>.BlockNumber<\/span> = block<\/span>.Number<\/span>()
<\/span><\/span>                receipt<\/span>.TransactionIndex<\/span> = uint(i<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>                receipts<\/span>[i<\/span>] = new(types<\/span>.Receipt<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>                *<\/span>receipts<\/span>[i<\/span>] = *<\/span>receipt<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>                
<\/span><\/span>                for<\/span> _<\/span>, log<\/span> :=<\/span> range<\/span> receipt<\/span>.Logs<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>                    log<\/span>.BlockHash<\/span> = hash<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>                }
<\/span><\/span>                logs<\/span> = append(logs<\/span>, receipt<\/span>.Logs<\/span>...<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>            }
<\/span><\/span>            
<\/span><\/span>            \/\/ 写入区块链
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>            _<\/span>, err<\/span> :=<\/span> w<\/span>.chain<\/span>.WriteBlockWithState<\/span>(block<\/span>, receipts<\/span>, logs<\/span>, task<\/span>.state<\/span>, true<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>            if<\/span> err<\/span> !=<\/span> nil<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>                log<\/span>.Error<\/span>("Failed writing block to chain"<\/span>, "err"<\/span>, err<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>                continue<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>            }
<\/span><\/span>            
<\/span><\/span>            \/\/ 广播新区块
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>            w<\/span>.mux<\/span>.Post<\/span>(core<\/span>.NewMinedBlockEvent<\/span>{Block<\/span>: block<\/span>})
<\/span><\/span>            w<\/span>.unconfirmed<\/span>.Insert<\/span>(block<\/span>.NumberU64<\/span>(), block<\/span>.Hash<\/span>())
<\/span><\/span>        \/\/ 其他case处理...
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>        }
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>}
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>三、智能合约部署实战<\/h2>
3.1 合约编写<\/h3>
pragma solidity<\/span> ^<\/span>0<\/span>.8<\/span>.4<\/span>;
<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>contract<\/span> test<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>    function<\/span> multiply<\/span>(uint<\/span> a) public<\/span> returns<\/span> (uint<\/span> d) {
<\/span><\/span>        return<\/span> a *<\/span> 7<\/span>;
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>}
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>3.2 合约编译<\/h3>
编译后得到ABI接口定义：<\/p>
[{
<\/span><\/span>    "inputs"<\/span>: [{"internalType"<\/span>: "uint256"<\/span>, "name"<\/span>: "a"<\/span>, "type"<\/span>: "uint256"<\/span>}],
<\/span><\/span>    "name"<\/span>: "multiply"<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>    "outputs"<\/span>: [{"internalType"<\/span>: "uint256"<\/span>, "name"<\/span>: "d"<\/span>, "type"<\/span>: "uint256"<\/span>}],
<\/span><\/span>    "stateMutability"<\/span>: "nonpayable"<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>    "type"<\/span>: "function"<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>}]
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>3.3 合约部署步骤<\/h3>

启动Geth节点：<\/li>
<\/ol>
sudo geth --networkid 666<\/span> --datadir \/home\/ubuntu\/Private_eth\/eth1 \
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>--identity "node1"<\/span> --rpc --rpcport "8545"<\/span> --rpcaddr "192.168.174.212"<\/span> \
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>--nodiscover --rpcapi "eth,net,web3,txpool,debug,miner"<\/span> \
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>--allow-insecure-unlock console
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>
创建合约对象：<\/li>
<\/ol>
var<\/span> abi<\/span> =<\/span> JSON<\/span>.parse<\/span>('[{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"a","type":"uint256"}],"name":"multiply","outputs":[{"name":"d","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"type":"function","stateMutability":"nonpayable"}]'<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>myContract<\/span> =<\/span> web3<\/span>.eth<\/span>.contract<\/span>(abi<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>
检查账户余额：<\/li>
<\/ol>
eth<\/span>.coinbase<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>\/\/ "0x8b52dc34762a2a951406d3189bdba1b920e7cde9"
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>web3<\/span>.fromWei<\/span>(eth<\/span>.getBalance<\/span>(eth<\/span>.accounts<\/span>[0<\/span>]), "ether"<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>\/\/ 20.000021
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>
解锁账户：<\/li>
<\/ol>
personal<\/span>.unlockAccount<\/span>(eth<\/span>.accounts<\/span>[0<\/span>], "123456"<\/span>, 0<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>
预估部署手续费：<\/li>
<\/ol>
\/\/ 149143 wei
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>
部署合约：<\/li>
<\/ol>
\/\/ 部署代码...
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>
开始挖矿：<\/li>
<\/ol>
miner<\/span>.start<\/span>()
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>
验证合约部署：<\/li>
<\/ol>
\/\/ 验证代码...
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>四、关键点总结<\/h2>


挖矿流程<\/strong>：<\/p>

矿工实例创建 → 工作循环启动 → 区块打包 → 交易执行 → 工作量证明 → 区块提交<\/li>
<\/ul>
<\/li>

区块打包<\/strong>：<\/p>

创建区块头 → 设置共识参数 → 添加叔块 → 执行交易 → 计算状态根 → 生成最终区块<\/li>
<\/ul>
<\/li>

智能合约部署<\/strong>：<\/p>

编写合约 → 编译获取ABI → 预估Gas → 发送部署交易 → 挖矿确认 → 验证部署<\/li>
<\/ul>
<\/li>

性能优化<\/strong>：<\/p>

合理设置GasFloor和GasCeil<\/li>
调整Recommit间隔平衡响应速度和资源消耗<\/li>
优先处理本地交易减少网络延迟<\/li>
<\/ul>
<\/li>

安全注意事项<\/strong>：<\/p>

确保矿工地址安全<\/li>
谨慎处理DAO分叉等特殊情况<\/li>
验证远程叔块的有效性<\/li>
<\/ul>
<\/li>
<\/ol>
以太坊挖矿流程与智能合约部署详解<\/h1>

一、以太坊挖矿核心概念<\/h2> 以太坊挖矿是通过工作量证明(PoW)机制来验证交易和创建新区块的过程，矿工通过解决复杂的数学难题来获得区块奖励和交易费用。<\/p>

二、挖矿流程详解<\/h2>

2.2 挖矿核心循环<\/h3>

2.3 区块打包流程<\/h3>

2.4 挖矿任务处理<\/h3>

三、智能合约部署实战<\/h2>

一、以太坊挖矿核心概念<\/h2>
以太坊挖矿是通过工作量证明(PoW)机制来验证交易和创建新区块的过程，矿工通过解决复杂的数学难题来获得区块奖励和交易费用。<\/p>
