Gradle Plugin通配版本远程代码执行漏洞分析与防护指南<\/h1>

漏洞概述<\/h2>
该漏洞允许攻击者通过Gradle Plugin Portal劫持任何插件，当用户使用通配版本(`+<\/code>)作为依赖项时，攻击者可发布恶意插件版本实现远程代码执行(RCE)。<\/p>`

漏洞原理<\/h2>
核心问题<\/h3>
Gradle Plugin Portal存在组ID(group ID)验证不严的问题，导致：<\/p>

攻击者可注册与已有插件相同组ID的账户<\/li>
攻击者可发布相同组ID下但版本号更高的插件<\/li>
当用户使用通配版本时，Gradle会自动下载最新版本(可能是恶意版本)<\/li>
<\/ol>
攻击场景<\/h3>

合法插件：gradle.plugin.org.jlleitschuh.testing.security:gradle-testing:0.4.0<\/code><\/li>
攻击者发布：gradle.plugin.org.jlleitschuh.testing.security:gradle-testing:0.4.1<\/code><\/li>
用户构建脚本使用通配版本：classpath("gradle.plugin.org.jlleitschuh.testing.security:gradle-testing:+")<\/code><\/li>
Gradle自动下载0.4.1版本(恶意代码)<\/li>
<\/ol>
漏洞复现(POC)<\/h2>
合法插件示例<\/h3>
plugins {<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    java
<\/span><\/span>    id<\/span>(<\/span>"com.gradle.plugin-publish"<\/span>)<\/span> version "0.9.10"<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    id(<\/span>"java-gradle-plugin"<\/span>)<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>}<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>group =<\/span> "org.jlleitschuh.testing.security"<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>version =<\/span> "0.4.0"<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>gradlePlugin {<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    (<\/span>plugins)<\/span> {<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>        "securityPlugin"<\/span> {<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>            id =<\/span> "org.jlleitschuh.testing.security-plugin"<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>            implementationClass =<\/span> "org.jlleitschuh.testing.security.SecurityPlugin"<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>        }<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    }<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>}<\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>恶意插件修改<\/h3>
攻击者只需：<\/p>

保持相同组ID<\/li>
增加版本号<\/li>
修改实现类代码<\/li>
<\/ol>
group =<\/span> "org.jlleitschuh.testing.security"<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>version =<\/span> "0.4.1"<\/span>  \/\/ 更高版本
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>gradlePlugin {<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    (<\/span>plugins)<\/span> {<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>        "securityPlugin"<\/span> {<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>            id =<\/span> "org.jlleitschuh.testing.security-plugin"<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>            implementationClass =<\/span> "org.jlleitschuh.testing.security.SecurityPlugin"<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>        }<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>        \/\/ 添加一个临时插件以满足发布要求
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>        "securityPluginTemp"<\/span> {<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>            id =<\/span> "org.jlleitschuh.testing.security-plugin.tmp"<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>            implementationClass =<\/span> "org.jlleitschuh.testing.security.SecurityPlugin"<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>        }<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    }<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>}<\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>恶意实现类<\/h3>
public<\/span> class<\/span> SecurityPlugin<\/span> implements<\/span> Plugin<<\/span>Project><\/span> {<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    @Override<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    public<\/span> void<\/span> apply<\/span>(<\/span>final<\/span> Project target)<\/span> {<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>        target.<\/span>getLogger<\/span>().<\/span>lifecycle<\/span>(<\/span>"A security plugin. I'm malicious!"<\/span>);<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>        \/\/ 实际攻击中这里可执行任意恶意代码
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>    }<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>}<\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>漏洞影响<\/h2>

影响范围<\/strong>：所有使用Gradle Plugin Portal且依赖项使用通配版本的项目<\/li>
攻击后果<\/strong>：攻击者可在构建过程中执行任意代码，可能导致：

敏感信息泄露<\/li>
构建过程被篡改<\/li>
供应链攻击<\/li>
<\/ul>
<\/li>
<\/ol>
修复方案<\/h2>
Gradle官方的修复<\/h3>

更新了Gradle Plugin Portal的审批策略<\/li>
加强了组ID的验证机制<\/li>
进行了安全审计确认无恶意利用<\/li>
<\/ol>
开发者防护措施<\/h3>


避免使用通配版本<\/strong><\/p>

错误做法：classpath("gradle.plugin.com.example:plugin:+")<\/code><\/li>
正确做法：明确指定版本号classpath("gradle.plugin.com.example:plugin:1.2.3")<\/code><\/li>
<\/ul>
<\/li>

使用可信的仓库源<\/strong><\/p>

优先使用官方仓库(Gradle Plugin Portal, Maven Central)<\/li>
谨慎使用第三方仓库<\/li>
<\/ul>
<\/li>

启用依赖锁定<\/strong><\/p>

使用Gradle的依赖锁定功能(gradle\/dependency-locks<\/code>)<\/li>
示例配置：
dependencyLocking {<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    lockAllConfigurations()<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>}<\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/li>
<\/ul>
<\/li>

实施构建安全策略<\/strong><\/p>

配置仓库镜像时强制使用HTTPS<\/li>
示例：
repositories {<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    maven {<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>        url "https:\/\/plugins.gradle.org\/m2\/"<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>        \/\/ 禁用HTTP
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>        allowInsecureProtocol =<\/span> false<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    }<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>}<\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/li>
<\/ul>
<\/li>

定期检查依赖项<\/strong><\/p>

使用.\/gradlew dependencies<\/code>检查依赖树<\/li>
使用.\/gradlew dependencyUpdates<\/code>检查可用更新<\/li>
<\/ul>
<\/li>
<\/ol>
最佳实践建议<\/h2>


版本管理策略<\/strong><\/p>

使用固定版本而非动态版本<\/li>
考虑使用版本目录(Version Catalogs)集中管理依赖版本<\/li>
<\/ul>
<\/li>

构建环境隔离<\/strong><\/p>

在CI\/CD环境中使用干净的构建缓存<\/li>
考虑使用构建沙箱限制插件权限<\/li>
<\/ul>
<\/li>

安全审计工具<\/strong><\/p>

集成OWASP Dependency-Check等工具扫描漏洞<\/li>
定期检查Gradle安全公告<\/li>
<\/ul>
<\/li>

应急响应计划<\/strong><\/p>

建立依赖被劫持时的响应流程<\/li>
保留构建历史以便追溯问题<\/li>
<\/ul>
<\/li>
<\/ol>
总结<\/h2>
此漏洞揭示了软件供应链安全的重要性，特别是依赖管理系统的安全性。开发者应：<\/p>

始终保持警惕，不盲目信任第三方依赖<\/li>
采用最小权限原则配置构建环境<\/li>
建立完善的依赖监控机制<\/li>
定期更新依赖并审查变更<\/li>
<\/ol>
通过遵循这些安全实践，可有效降低类似供应链攻击的风险。<\/p>

Gradle Plugin通配版本远程代码执行漏洞分析与防护指南<\/h1>

漏洞概述<\/h2> 该漏洞允许攻击者通过Gradle Plugin Portal劫持任何插件，当用户使用通配版本(+<\/code>)作为依赖项时，攻击者可发布恶意插件版本实现远程代码执行(RCE)。<\/p>

漏洞复现(POC)<\/h2>

修复方案<\/h2>

漏洞概述<\/h2>
该漏洞允许攻击者通过Gradle Plugin Portal劫持任何插件，当用户使用通配版本(`+<\/code>)作为依赖项时，攻击者可发布恶意插件版本实现远程代码执行(RCE)。<\/p>`