JavaWeb应用安全基础与Tomcat配置详解<\/h1>

JavaEE基础概念<\/h2>

JSP与Servlet<\/h3>

JSP (Java Server Page)<\/strong>: 本质上是简化的Servlet，用于简化动态Web页面开发<\/li>
Servlet<\/strong>: 服务器端Java应用程序，用于生成动态Web内容<\/li>

关系<\/strong>: 每个JSP页面会被Tomcat编译成一个Servlet实例<\/li> <\/ul>
JavaEE平台结构<\/h3>

JavaEE是J2EE的新名称，包含庞大的技术栈<\/li>
JSP技术只是Java初级开发人员需要掌握的底层技术之一<\/li> <\/ul>
Web请求处理流程<\/h3>

客户端发送HTTP请求到服务器<\/li>
服务器接收并处理请求<\/li>
服务器生成响应返回客户端<\/li>
如果是JSP请求，Tomcat会将其编译为Servlet类<\/li> <\/ol>
JSP与Servlet实践<\/h2>
JSP编译过程<\/h3>

JSP文件会被Tomcat编译成.class文件<\/li>
编译后文件存放路径: Tomcat\/work\/Catalina\/localhost\/项目名\/org\/apache\/jsp<\/code><\/li>
可使用JD-GUI等反编译工具查看编译后的Java类<\/li> <\/ul> Servlet创建<\/h3> 创建Servlet类继承HttpServlet<\/li> 在web.xml中配置URL映射 <servlet><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <servlet-name><\/span>DemoServlet<\/servlet-name><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <servlet-class><\/span>com.example.DemoServlet<\/servlet-class><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/servlet><\/span> <\/span><\/span><servlet-mapping><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <servlet-name><\/span>DemoServlet<\/servlet-name><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <url-pattern><\/span>\/demo<\/url-pattern><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/servlet-mapping><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/li> <\/ol> 数据库连接配置位置<\/h2> 常见配置位置<\/h3> Spring框架<\/strong>: WEB-INF\/applicationContext.xml<\/code><\/li> Hibernate框架<\/strong>: WEB-INF\/classes\/hibernate.cfg.xml<\/code><\/li> 直接代码配置<\/strong>: 在Java源代码中硬编码<\/li> Tomcat数据源<\/strong>: conf\/context.xml<\/code><\/li> conf\/server.xml<\/code><\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> Resin数据源<\/strong>: conf\/resin.conf<\/code>(3.x)或conf\/resin.xml<\/code>(4.x)<\/li> Properties文件<\/strong>: 如.properties<\/code>配置文件<\/li> <\/ol> Tomcat服务器详解<\/h2> Tomcat基础<\/h3> Tomcat是Web应用服务器和Servlet容器<\/li> 默认部署目录: webapps\/<\/code><\/li> 网站根目录通常是WebRoot<\/code><\/li> WEB-INF<\/code>目录默认不可通过Web访问<\/li> <\/ul> 快速定位Tomcat安装路径<\/h3> 检查Apache配置(httpd.conf<\/code>)中的LoadModule jk_module<\/code><\/li> 查找JkWorkersFile<\/code>指向的Tomcat配置文件<\/li> 在配置文件中查找workers.tomcat_home<\/code><\/li> 检查conf\/server.xml<\/code>获取详细配置<\/li> <\/ol> 网站目录查找方法<\/h3> 检查server.xml<\/code>中的Host<\/code>和Context<\/code>配置<\/li> 查看webapps\/ROOT<\/code>目录(默认部署位置)<\/li> 检查WEB-INF<\/code>和classes<\/code>目录下的配置文件<\/li> 分析web.xml<\/code>中的配置信息<\/li> <\/ol> Apache与Resin配置<\/h2> Apache快速定位网站目录<\/h3> 域名绑定配置位置: conf\/httpd.conf<\/code><\/li> conf\/extra\/httpd-vhosts.conf<\/code><\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> 典型虚拟主机配置: <VirtualHost<\/span> *:80<\/span>><\/span> <\/span><\/span> ServerAdmin admin@example.com <\/span><\/span> DocumentRoot \/path\/to\/website<\/span> <\/span><\/span> ServerName example.com <\/span><\/span> ErrorLog \/path\/to\/error_log<\/span> <\/span><\/span> CustomLog \/path\/to\/access_log<\/span> common <\/span><\/span><\/VirtualHost><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/li> <\/ul> Resin配置<\/h3> 配置文件位置: Resin 3.x: conf\/resin.xml<\/code><\/li> Resin 4.x: conf\/resin.conf<\/code><\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> 请求处理配置示例: <LocationMatch<\/span> (.*?).jsp<\/span>><\/span> <\/span><\/span> SetHandler caucho-request <\/span><\/span><\/LocationMatch><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/li> <\/ul> 负载均衡配置<\/h2> Apache + Tomcat负载均衡<\/h3> 使用Apache作为前端，处理静态内容和PHP请求<\/li> Tomcat处理Java Web应用请求<\/li> 通过mod_jk<\/code>模块实现集成<\/li> <\/ul> Apache + Resin负载均衡<\/h3> 配置Apache加载Resin模块: LoadModule caucho_module "path\/to\/mod_caucho.dll"<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/li> 添加Resin配置: <IfModule<\/span> mod_caucho.c<\/span>><\/span> <\/span><\/span> ResinConfigServer localhost 6800<\/span> <\/span><\/span> CauchoStatus yes <\/span><\/span><\/IfModule><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/li> 配置请求处理规则: <LocationMatch<\/span> (.*?).jsp<\/span>><\/span> <\/span><\/span> SetHandler caucho-request <\/span><\/span><\/LocationMatch><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/li> <\/ol> 安全注意事项<\/h2> WEB-INF<\/code>目录应配置为不可通过Web访问<\/li> Tomcat管理界面应设置强密码或禁用<\/li> 数据库连接信息不应硬编码在源代码中<\/li> 配置文件不应包含敏感信息的明文<\/li> 定期检查服务器配置是否存在信息泄露风险<\/li> <\/ol>