SpringBoot后端开发进阶教学文档<\/h2>

概述<\/h3>
本文档将深入讲解SpringBoot后端开发中的三个高级主题：使用MyBatis进行批量数据操作、Spring声明式事务管理以及实现本地与云存储的文件上传功能。这些是构建健壮、高效企业级应用的核心技术。<\/p>

一、新增员工功能实现与批量插入<\/h3>

1.1 核心知识点<\/h4>

a) MyBatis 批量插入数据<\/strong>
当需要一次性向数据库插入多条记录时，使用逐条插入的方式性能极差。MyBatis提供了<foreach><\/code>标签来优雅地实现批量插入。<\/p>

<foreach><\/code> 标签详解<\/strong>: collection<\/code>: 指定要遍历的集合参数，如list<\/code>或数组名。<\/li> item<\/code>: 定义遍历过程中每个元素的别名。<\/li> separator<\/code>: 定义每次循环结束后的分隔符，在批量插入中通常为逗号,<\/code>，用于分隔多个values<\/code>子句。<\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> <\/ul> b) 获取插入数据的主键ID<\/strong> 在插入数据后，经常需要立即使用该数据生成的主键ID（例如，用于关联插入其他表）。MyBatis通过@Options<\/code>注解可以方便地实现这一点。<\/p> @Options<\/code> 注解详解<\/strong>: useGeneratedKeys = true<\/code>: 告知MyBatis使用JDBC的getGeneratedKeys<\/code>方法来获取数据库内部生成的主键。<\/li> keyProperty<\/code>: 指定一个Java对象属性，用于接收生成的主键值。<\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> <\/ul> 1.2 具体实现步骤<\/h4> 1. 数据模型 (Entity)<\/strong> 假设有两个实体类：Emp<\/code>（员工）和EmpExpr<\/code>（工作经历）。Emp<\/code>中包含一个List<EmpExpr> exprList<\/code>属性，用于接收前端传来的工作经历列表。<\/p> \/\/ Emp 员工实体 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>public<\/span> class<\/span> Emp<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> private<\/span> Integer id;<\/span> \/\/ 主键ID，由数据库自动生成 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> private<\/span> String username;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> private<\/span> String name;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/\/ ... 其他字段 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> private<\/span> LocalDateTime createTime;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> private<\/span> LocalDateTime updateTime;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> private<\/span> List<<\/span>EmpExpr><\/span> exprList;<\/span> \/\/ 工作经历列表 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \/\/ getter\/setter... <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>}<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>\/\/ EmpExpr 工作经历实体 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>public<\/span> class<\/span> EmpExpr<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> private<\/span> Integer id;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> private<\/span> Integer empId;<\/span> \/\/ 关联的员工ID <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> private<\/span> Date begin;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> private<\/span> Date end;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> private<\/span> String company;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> private<\/span> String job;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/\/ getter\/setter... <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>}<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>2. 数据访问层 (Mapper)<\/strong><\/p> EmpMapper.java<\/code>: 负责插入员工数据并获取主键。<\/li> <\/ul> @Mapper<\/span> <\/span><\/span>public<\/span> interface<\/span> EmpMapper<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/** <\/span><\/span><\/span> * 新增员工 <\/span><\/span><\/span> * @Options 注解确保插入后，传入的emp对象的id属性会被自动赋值为数据库生成的主键 <\/span><\/span><\/span> *\/<\/span> <\/span><\/span> @Options<\/span>(<\/span>useGeneratedKeys =<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span> keyProperty =<\/span> "id"<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span><\/span> @Insert<\/span>(<\/span>"INSERT INTO emp(username, name, gender, phone, job, salary, image, entry_date, dept_id, create_time, update_time) "<\/span> +<\/span> <\/span><\/span> "VALUES (#{username}, #{name}, #{gender}, #{phone}, #{job}, #{salary}, #{image}, #{entryDate}, #{deptId}, #{createTime}, #{updateTime})"<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span><\/span> void<\/span> insert<\/span>(<\/span>Emp emp);<\/span> <\/span><\/span>}<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre> EmpExprMapper.java<\/code>: 负责批量插入工作经历。<\/li> <\/ul> @Mapper<\/span> <\/span><\/span>public<\/span> interface<\/span> EmpExprMapper<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/** <\/span><\/span><\/span> * 批量插入工作经历 <\/span><\/span><\/span> * @param list 工作经历列表 <\/span><\/span><\/span> *\/<\/span> <\/span><\/span> void<\/span> insertBatch<\/span>(<\/span>List<<\/span>EmpExpr><\/span> list);<\/span> <\/span><\/span>}<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre> EmpExprMapper.xml<\/code>: 在XML中编写批量插入的SQL。<\/li> <\/ul> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><\/span> <\/span><\/span><!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-\/\/mybatis.org\/\/DTD Mapper 3.0\/\/EN" "http:\/\/mybatis.org\/dtd\/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"><\/span> <\/span><\/span><mapper<\/span> namespace=<\/span>"com.yourpackage.mapper.EmpExprMapper"<\/span>><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <insert<\/span> id=<\/span>"insertBatch"<\/span>><\/span> <\/span><\/span> INSERT INTO emp_expr (emp_id, begin, end, company, job) VALUES <\/span><\/span> <foreach<\/span> collection=<\/span>"list"<\/span> item=<\/span>"empExpr"<\/span> separator=<\/span>","<\/span>><\/span> <\/span><\/span> (#{empExpr.empId}, #{empExpr.begin}, #{empExpr.end}, #{empExpr.company}, #{empExpr.job}) <\/span><\/span> <\/foreach><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/insert><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/mapper><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>3. 业务逻辑层 (Service)<\/strong><\/p> 在Service层，我们需要组织业务逻辑：先插入员工，再利用返回的员工ID去插入工作经历。<\/p> @Service<\/span> <\/span><\/span>@Slf4j<\/span> <\/span><\/span>public<\/span> class<\/span> EmpServiceImpl<\/span> implements<\/span> EmpService {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> @Autowired<\/span> <\/span><\/span> private<\/span> EmpMapper empMapper;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> @Autowired<\/span> <\/span><\/span> private<\/span> EmpExprMapper empExprMapper;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> @Override<\/span> <\/span><\/span> public<\/span> void<\/span> save<\/span>(<\/span>Emp emp)<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/\/ 1. 设置创建和更新时间 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> emp.<\/span>setCreateTime<\/span>(<\/span>LocalDateTime.<\/span>now<\/span>());<\/span> <\/span><\/span> emp.<\/span>setUpdateTime<\/span>(<\/span>LocalDateTime.<\/span>now<\/span>());<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/\/ 2. 插入员工数据。插入后，emp.getId() 会自动获得数据库生成的主键值 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> empMapper.<\/span>insert<\/span>(<\/span>emp);<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/\/ 3. 处理工作经历列表 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> List<<\/span>EmpExpr><\/span> exprList =<\/span> emp.<\/span>getExprList<\/span>();<\/span> <\/span><\/span> if<\/span> (<\/span>exprList !=<\/span> null<\/span> &&<\/span> !<\/span>exprList.<\/span>isEmpty<\/span>())<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/\/ 为每一条工作经历设置其所属员工的ID <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> exprList.<\/span>forEach<\/span>(<\/span>item -><\/span> item.<\/span>setEmpId<\/span>(<\/span>emp.<\/span>getId<\/span>()));<\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/\/ 4. 批量插入工作经历 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> empExprMapper.<\/span>insertBatch<\/span>(<\/span>exprList);<\/span> <\/span><\/span> }<\/span> <\/span><\/span> log.<\/span>info<\/span>(<\/span>"新增员工成功，员工ID: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> emp.<\/span>getId<\/span>());<\/span> <\/span><\/span> }<\/span> <\/span><\/span>}<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>4. 控制层 (Controller)<\/strong><\/p> Controller层接收前端传来的JSON数据，并调用Service。<\/p> @RestController<\/span> <\/span><\/span>@RequestMapping<\/span>(<\/span>"\/emps"<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span><\/span>@Slf4j<\/span> <\/span><\/span>public<\/span> class<\/span> EmpController<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> @Autowired<\/span> <\/span><\/span> private<\/span> EmpService empService;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> @PostMapping<\/span> <\/span><\/span> public<\/span> Result save<\/span>(<\/span>@RequestBody<\/span> Emp emp)<\/span> {<\/span> \/\/ @RequestBody 注解用于接收JSON格式的请求体 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> log.<\/span>info<\/span>(<\/span>"新增员工, 参数: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> emp);<\/span> <\/span><\/span> empService.<\/span>save<\/span>(<\/span>emp);<\/span> <\/span><\/span> return<\/span> Result.<\/span>success<\/span>();<\/span> \/\/ 返回统一响应结果 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> }<\/span> <\/span><\/span>}<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre> 二、Spring事务管理<\/h3> 2.1 事务定义<\/h4> 事务是数据库操作的一个不可分割的工作单元。事务内的所有操作要么全部成功（提交），要么全部失败（回滚）。这确保了数据的一致性。<\/p> 默认情况<\/strong>：在Spring中，每个独立的数据库操作（如一条@Insert<\/code>语句）通常会被自动提交。<\/p> <\/blockquote> 2.2 Spring声明式事务管理<\/h4> Spring提供了强大的声明式事务管理，通过简单的注解@Transactional<\/code>即可实现，无需编写繁琐的事务管理代码。<\/p> 使用方法<\/strong>：在需要事务管理的Service层方法<\/strong>上添加@Transactional<\/code>注解。<\/p> @Service<\/span> <\/span><\/span>public<\/span> class<\/span> EmpServiceImpl<\/span> implements<\/span> EmpService {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> @Autowired<\/span> <\/span><\/span> private<\/span> EmpMapper empMapper;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> @Autowired<\/span> <\/span><\/span> private<\/span> EmpExprMapper empExprMapper;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> @Transactional<\/span> \/\/ 添加此注解，声明该方法需要在一个事务中运行 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> @Override<\/span> <\/span><\/span> public<\/span> void<\/span> save<\/span>(<\/span>Emp emp)<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> emp.<\/span>setCreateTime<\/span>(<\/span>LocalDateTime.<\/span>now<\/span>());<\/span> <\/span><\/span> emp.<\/span>setUpdateTime<\/span>(<\/span>LocalDateTime.<\/span>now<\/span>());<\/span> <\/span><\/span> empMapper.<\/span>insert<\/span>(<\/span>emp);<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> List<<\/span>EmpExpr><\/span> exprList =<\/span> emp.<\/span>getExprList<\/span>();<\/span> <\/span><\/span> if<\/span> (<\/span>exprList !=<\/span> null<\/span> &&<\/span> !<\/span>exprList.<\/span>isEmpty<\/span>())<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> exprList.<\/span>forEach<\/span>(<\/span>item -><\/span> item.<\/span>setEmpId<\/span>(<\/span>emp.<\/span>getId<\/span>()));<\/span> <\/span><\/span> empExprMapper.<\/span>insertBatch<\/span>(<\/span>exprList);<\/span> <\/span><\/span> }<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/\/ 模拟一个可能出现的异常 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \/\/ int i = 1 \/ 0; <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \/\/ 如果打开此注释，执行到此处会抛出异常，事务会回滚，员工和其工作经历都不会被插入数据库 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> }<\/span> <\/span><\/span>}<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>工作原理<\/strong>：当方法被@Transactional<\/code>标注时：<\/p> 方法开始前，Spring会开启一个数据库事务。<\/li> 方法正常执行完毕，Spring会提交事务。<\/li> 如果方法执行过程中抛出了运行时异常（RuntimeException<\/code>）或错误（Error<\/code>），Spring会回滚事务。<\/li> 如果抛出的是受检异常（如IOException<\/code>），默认情况下事务不会回滚。可以通过@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)<\/code>来设置所有异常都回滚。<\/li> <\/ol> 2.3 事务进阶属性<\/h4> @Transactional<\/code>注解还有其他重要属性：<\/p> rollbackFor \/ rollbackForClassName<\/code>: 指定哪些异常类型会触发回滚。<\/li> noRollbackFor \/ noRollbackForClassName<\/code>: 指定哪些异常类型不会触发回滚。<\/li> propagation<\/code>: 定义事务的传播行为（例如，如果当前已存在事务，则如何操作）。<\/li> isolation<\/code>: 定义事务的隔离级别。<\/li> <\/ul> 三、文件上传功能<\/h3> 3.1 基础概念<\/h4> 文件上传是Web应用常见功能。Spring MVC提供了MultipartFile<\/code>接口来简化接收上传文件的过程。<\/p> 3.2 本地存储实现<\/h4> a) 配置<\/strong> 在application.yml<\/code>或application.properties<\/code>中设置文件上传大小限制。<\/p> spring<\/span>: <\/span><\/span> servlet<\/span>: <\/span><\/span> multipart<\/span>: <\/span><\/span> max-file-size<\/span>: 10MB <\/span> # 单个文件最大大小<\/span> <\/span><\/span> max-request-size<\/span>: 100MB<\/span> # 整个请求的最大大小<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>b) 代码实现<\/strong><\/p> @RestController<\/span> <\/span><\/span>@RequestMapping<\/span>(<\/span>"\/upload"<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span><\/span>public<\/span> class<\/span> FileUploadController<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/** <\/span><\/span><\/span> * 接收单个文件上传 <\/span><\/span><\/span> * @param file 使用 @RequestParam("file") 接收前端传来的文件 <\/span><\/span><\/span> * @return 文件的访问路径 <\/span><\/span><\/span> *\/<\/span> <\/span><\/span> @PostMapping<\/span>(<\/span>"\/local"<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span><\/span> public<\/span> Result<<\/span>String><\/span> uploadLocal<\/span>(<\/span>@RequestParam<\/span>(<\/span>"file"<\/span>)<\/span> MultipartFile file)<\/span> throws<\/span> IOException {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/\/ 1. 校验文件是否为空 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> if<\/span> (<\/span>file.<\/span>isEmpty<\/span>())<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> return<\/span> Result.<\/span>error<\/span>(<\/span>"文件不能为空"<\/span>);<\/span> <\/span><\/span> }<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/\/ 2. 生成唯一文件名，防止覆盖 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> String originalFilename =<\/span> file.<\/span>getOriginalFilename<\/span>();<\/span> <\/span><\/span> String fileExtension =<\/span> originalFilename.<\/span>substring<\/span>(<\/span>originalFilename.<\/span>lastIndexOf<\/span>(<\/span>"."<\/span>));<\/span> <\/span><\/span> String newFileName =<\/span> UUID.<\/span>randomUUID<\/span>().<\/span>toString<\/span>()<\/span> +<\/span> fileExtension;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/\/ 3. 指定文件存储目录 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> String uploadDir =<\/span> "\/path\/to\/your\/upload\/directory\/"<\/span>;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> File destFile =<\/span> new<\/span> File(<\/span>uploadDir +<\/span> newFileName);<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/\/ 4. 确保目录存在 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> if<\/span> (!<\/span>destFile.<\/span>getParentFile<\/span>().<\/span>exists<\/span>())<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> destFile.<\/span>getParentFile<\/span>().<\/span>mkdirs<\/span>();<\/span> <\/span><\/span> }<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/\/ 5. 将文件传输到目标位置 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> file.<\/span>transferTo<\/span>(<\/span>destFile);<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/\/ 6. 返回文件的访问URL（需要配置静态资源映射才能通过此URL访问） <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> return<\/span> Result.<\/span>success<\/span>(<\/span>"\/uploads\/"<\/span> +<\/span> newFileName);<\/span> <\/span><\/span> }<\/span> <\/span><\/span>}<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>c) 静态资源映射<\/strong> 为了让浏览器能通过返回的URL访问到本地文件，需要在配置类中设置静态资源映射。<\/p> @Configuration<\/span> <\/span><\/span>public<\/span> class<\/span> WebMvcConfig<\/span> implements<\/span> WebMvcConfigurer {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> @Override<\/span> <\/span><\/span> public<\/span> void<\/span> addResourceHandlers<\/span>(<\/span>ResourceHandlerRegistry registry)<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/\/ 将 \/uploads\/** 的请求映射到本地文件系统的 \/path\/to\/your\/upload\/directory\/ 目录 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> registry.<\/span>addResourceHandler<\/span>(<\/span>"\/uploads\/**"<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span><\/span> .<\/span>addResourceLocations<\/span>(<\/span>"file:\/path\/to\/your\/upload\/directory\/"<\/span>);<\/span> <\/span><\/span> }<\/span> <\/span><\/span>}<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>3.3 阿里云OSS云存储实现<\/h4> 对于生产环境，更推荐使用对象存储服务（如阿里云OSS），因为它具备高可用、高扩展、安全可靠等优点。<\/p> a) 引入依赖<\/strong><\/p> <\/span> <\/span><\/span><dependency><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <groupId><\/span>com.aliyun.oss<\/groupId><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <artifactId><\/span>aliyun-sdk-oss<\/artifactId><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <version><\/span>3.15.1<\/version><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/dependency><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>b) 配置OSS参数<\/strong><\/p> # application.yml<\/span> <\/span><\/span>aliyun<\/span>: <\/span><\/span> oss<\/span>: <\/span><\/span> endpoint<\/span>: oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com<\/span> # 你的OSS endpoint<\/span> <\/span><\/span> accessKeyId<\/span>: your-access-key-id<\/span> <\/span><\/span> accessKeySecret<\/span>: your-access-key-secret<\/span> <\/span><\/span> bucketName<\/span>: your-bucket-name<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>c) 代码实现<\/strong><\/p> @Service<\/span> <\/span><\/span>public<\/span> class<\/span> OssService<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> @Value<\/span>(<\/span>"${aliyun.oss.endpoint}"<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span><\/span> private<\/span> String endpoint;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> @Value<\/span>(<\/span>"${aliyun.oss.accessKeyId}"<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span><\/span> private<\/span> String accessKeyId;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> @Value<\/span>(<\/span>"${aliyun.oss.accessKeySecret}"<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span><\/span> private<\/span> String accessKeySecret;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> @Value<\/span>(<\/span>"${aliyun.oss.bucketName}"<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span><\/span> private<\/span> String bucketName;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> public<\/span> String upload<\/span>(<\/span>MultipartFile file)<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/\/ 1. 生成唯一文件名 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> String originalFilename =<\/span> file.<\/span>getOriginalFilename<\/span>();<\/span> <\/span><\/span> String fileExtension =<\/span> originalFilename.<\/span>substring<\/span>(<\/span>originalFilename.<\/span>lastIndexOf<\/span>(<\/span>"."<\/span>));<\/span> <\/span><\/span> String objectName =<\/span> "images\/"<\/span> +<\/span> UUID.<\/span>randomUUID<\/span>().<\/span>toString<\/span>()<\/span> +<\/span> fileExtension;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/\/ 2. 创建OSSClient实例 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> OSS ossClient =<\/span> new<\/span> OSSClientBuilder().<\/span>build<\/span>(<\/span>endpoint,<\/span> accessKeyId,<\/span> accessKeySecret);<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> try<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/\/ 3. 上传文件流到OSS <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> ossClient.<\/span>putObject<\/span>(<\/span>bucketName,<\/span> objectName,<\/span> file.<\/span>getInputStream<\/span>());<\/span> <\/span><\/span> \/\/ 4. 构造文件的公开访问URL <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> String fileUrl =<\/span> "https:\/\/"<\/span> +<\/span> bucketName +<\/span> "."<\/span> +<\/span> endpoint +<\/span> "\/"<\/span> +<\/span> objectName;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> return<\/span> fileUrl;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> }<\/span> catch<\/span> (<\/span>Exception e)<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> e.<\/span>printStackTrace<\/span>();<\/span> <\/span><\/span> return<\/span> null<\/span>;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> }<\/span> finally<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> if<\/span> (<\/span>ossClient !=<\/span> null<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> ossClient.<\/span>shutdown<\/span>();<\/span> <\/span><\/span> }<\/span> <\/span><\/span> }<\/span> <\/span><\/span> }<\/span> <\/span><\/span>}<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>\/\/ 在Controller中调用 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>@RestController<\/span> <\/span><\/span>@RequestMapping<\/span>(<\/span>"\/upload"<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span><\/span>public<\/span> class<\/span> FileUploadController<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> @Autowired<\/span> <\/span><\/span> private<\/span> OssService ossService;<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> @PostMapping<\/span>(<\/span>"\/oss"<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span><\/span> public<\/span> Result<<\/span>String><\/span> uploadOss<\/span>(<\/span>@RequestParam<\/span>(<\/span>"file"<\/span>)<\/span> MultipartFile file)<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> if<\/span> (<\/span>file.<\/span>isEmpty<\/span>())<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> return<\/span> Result.<\/span>error<\/span>(<\/span>"文件不能为空"<\/span>);<\/span> <\/span><\/span> }<\/span> <\/span><\/span> String url =<\/span> ossService.<\/span>upload<\/span>(<\/span>file);<\/span> <\/span><\/span> if<\/span> (<\/span>url !=<\/span> null<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> return<\/span> Result.<\/span>success<\/span>(<\/span>url);<\/span> <\/span><\/span> }<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span> <\/span><\/span> return<\/span> Result.<\/span>error<\/span>(<\/span>"文件上传失败"<\/span>);<\/span> <\/span><\/span> }<\/span> <\/span><\/span> }<\/span> <\/span><\/span>}<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre> 总结<\/h3> 本文档详细讲解了SpringBoot开发中的三个进阶主题：<\/p> 批量操作与主键返回<\/strong>：利用MyBatis的<foreach><\/code>和@Options<\/code>注解高效处理关联数据的插入。<\/li> 事务管理<\/strong>：使用@Transactional<\/code>注解确保复杂业务操作的原子性和数据一致性。<\/li> 文件上传<\/strong>：实现了从本地存储到阿里云OSS云存储的方案，并讲解了静态资源映射。<\/li> <\/ol> 掌握这些技术将极大提升你开发企业级SpringBoot应用的能力。建议在实际项目中结合具体需求进行练习和深化。<\/p>

SpringBoot后端开发进阶教学文档<\/h2>

概述<\/h3> 本文档将深入讲解SpringBoot后端开发中的三个高级主题：使用MyBatis进行批量数据操作、Spring声明式事务管理以及实现本地与云存储的文件上传功能。这些是构建健壮、高效企业级应用的核心技术。<\/p>

一、新增员工功能实现与批量插入<\/h3>

二、Spring事务管理<\/h3>

三、文件上传功能<\/h3>

3.1 基础概念<\/h4> 文件上传是Web应用常见功能。Spring MVC提供了MultipartFile<\/code>接口来简化接收上传文件的过程。<\/p>

概述<\/h3>
本文档将深入讲解SpringBoot后端开发中的三个高级主题：使用MyBatis进行批量数据操作、Spring声明式事务管理以及实现本地与云存储的文件上传功能。这些是构建健壮、高效企业级应用的核心技术。<\/p>

3.1 基础概念<\/h4>
文件上传是Web应用常见功能。Spring MVC提供了`MultipartFile<\/code>接口来简化接收上传文件的过程。<\/p>`