Web服务器防止Host头攻击的全面防护指南<\/h1>

一、Host头攻击概述<\/h2>
Host头攻击是指攻击者通过篡改HTTP请求中的Host头部字段，试图绕过安全限制或实施其他恶意行为的攻击方式。虽然自动补全路径导致的302\/301跳转风险较低，但出于合规要求，大多数企业仍需修复此类漏洞。<\/p>

二、Apache服务器防护方案<\/h2>

方法一：使用规范名称<\/h3>
修改conf\/httpd.conf<\/code>文件<\/li>
设置ServerName<\/code>为应用域名：
ServerName www.domain.com:80
<\/code><\/pre>
<\/li>
添加配置：
UseCanonicalName On
<\/code><\/pre>
<\/li>
重启Apache服务<\/li>
<\/ol>
效果<\/strong>：服务器将始终使用预设的ServerName，忽略客户端提供的Host头<\/p>
方法二：虚拟主机配置<\/h3>

修改conf\/httpd.conf<\/code>文件，添加以下配置：
NameVirtualHost 192.168.0.16<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span><VirtualHost<\/span> 192.168.0.16<\/span>><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    ServerName 192.168.0.16<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    <Location<\/span> \/<\/span>><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>        Order Allow,Deny
<\/span><\/span>        Deny from all<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    <\/Location><\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/VirtualHost><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span><VirtualHost<\/span> 192.168.0.16<\/span>><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    DocumentRoot "C:\www"<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    ServerName www.test.com
<\/span><\/span><\/VirtualHost><\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/li>
重启Apache服务<\/li>
<\/ol>
效果<\/strong>：<\/p>

直接通过IP(192.168.0.16)访问将被拒绝<\/li>
仅允许通过www.test.com域名访问<\/li>
主目录指向C:\www<\/li>
<\/ul>
方法三：重写模块方案<\/h3>

修改conf\/httpd.conf<\/code>文件<\/li>
取消注释重写模块：
LoadModule rewrite_module modules\/mod_rewrite.so
<\/code><\/pre>
<\/li>
添加重写规则：
RewriteEngine on<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^192.168.0.16$ [NC]
<\/span><\/span>RewriteRule ^(.*)$ \/error.html<\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/li>
重启Apache服务<\/li>
<\/ol>
效果<\/strong>：当Host头不是192.168.0.16时，重定向到错误页面<\/p>
三、Nginx服务器防护方案<\/h2>
方法一：默认server配置<\/h3>

修改nginx.conf文件<\/li>
添加默认server配置：
server<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>    listen<\/span> 8888<\/span> default<\/span>;
<\/span><\/span>    server_name<\/span> _<\/span>;
<\/span><\/span>    location<\/span> \/<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        return<\/span> 403<\/span>;
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>}
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/li>
重启Nginx服务<\/li>
<\/ol>
效果<\/strong>：当Host头不匹配任何server时，返回403错误<\/p>
方法二：Host头检测规则<\/h3>

修改nginx.conf文件<\/li>
在目标server中添加检测规则：
server<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>    server_name<\/span> 192<\/span>.168.0.171<\/span>;
<\/span><\/span>    listen<\/span> 8888<\/span>;
<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    if<\/span> (<\/span>$http_Host !~*^192.168.0.171:8888<\/span>$)<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        return<\/span> 403<\/span>;
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    include<\/span> \/etc\/nginx\/default.d\/*.conf<\/span>;
<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>    location<\/span> \/<\/span> {
<\/span><\/span>        root<\/span> \/www\/dvwa<\/span>;
<\/span><\/span>        index<\/span> index.php<\/span> index.html<\/span> index.htm<\/span>;
<\/span><\/span>    }
<\/span><\/span>}
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/li>
重启Nginx服务<\/li>
<\/ol>
效果<\/strong>：当Host头不匹配192.168.0.171:8888时，返回403错误<\/p>
四、Tomcat服务器防护方案<\/h2>

修改tomcat\/conf\/server.xml<\/code>文件<\/li>
找到<Host><\/code>标签，修改name属性为静态域名：
<Host<\/span> name=<\/span>"www.yourdomain.com"<\/span> appBase=<\/span>"webapps"<\/span> unpackWARs=<\/span>"true"<\/span> autoDeploy=<\/span>"true"<\/span>><\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/li>
重启Tomcat服务<\/li>
<\/ol>
五、IIS 6.0防护方案<\/h2>
使用ISAPI_Rewrite插件<\/h3>

下载并安装ISAPI_Rewrite插件<\/li>
使用破解工具替换安装目录中的三个文件<\/li>
为ISAPI_Rewrite.dll添加SERVICE用户组，授予读取、读取和运行权限<\/li>
在IIS管理工具中添加ISAPI筛选器<\/li>
配置Host头白名单规则<\/li>
<\/ol>
规则示例<\/strong>：<\/p>
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^192\.168\.2\.141$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ - [F]
<\/code><\/pre>
效果<\/strong>：当Host头不是192.168.2.141时，返回403错误<\/p>
六、IIS 7.0\/7.5\/8.0防护方案<\/h2>
使用URL重写模块<\/h3>

下载并安装URL重写模块<\/li>
在IIS管理工具中添加入站规则<\/li>
选择"请求阻止"规则类型<\/li>
配置规则：

模式：.*<\/code><\/li>
条件：{HTTP_HOST}<\/code>不匹配^192\.168\.124\.149$<\/code><\/li>
<\/ul>
<\/li>
设置操作类型为"中止请求"<\/li>
重启网站服务<\/li>
<\/ol>
效果<\/strong>：当Host头不是192.168.124.149时，服务器中止请求<\/p>
七、总结<\/h2>
针对不同Web服务器，防护Host头攻击的主要方法包括：<\/p>

强制使用规范域名(UseCanonicalName)<\/li>
配置虚拟主机限制访问来源<\/li>
使用重写模块检测并拦截非法Host头<\/li>
设置默认server\/站点处理非法请求<\/li>
使用第三方模块增强防护能力<\/li>
<\/ol>
企业应根据实际使用的Web服务器类型选择适合的防护方案，确保在满足合规要求的同时，有效防范Host头攻击带来的安全风险。<\/p>