Python3 IP归属地查询与筛选教程<\/h1>

一、环境准备<\/h2>

1. Python版本<\/h3>

使用Python3.x版本<\/li>

推荐使用Linux系统，Windows也可运行<\/li> <\/ul>

2. 必要模块安装<\/h3>

需要安装requests<\/code>模块用于HTTP请求：<\/p>

pip install requests
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>安装时会自动安装依赖：<\/p>

chardet (>=3.0.2, <3.1.0)<\/li>
idna (>=2.5, <2.7)<\/li>
urllib3 (>=1.21.1, <1.23)<\/li>
certifi (>=2017.4.17)<\/li>
<\/ul>
二、IP查询接口说明<\/h2>
使用淘宝IP地址库接口：<\/p>

接口地址：http:\/\/ip.taobao.com\/service\/getIpInfo.php?ip=[ip地址]<\/code><\/li>
请求方式：GET<\/li>
返回格式：JSON<\/li>
<\/ul>
响应数据结构示例<\/h3>
{
<\/span><\/span>  "code"<\/span>: 0<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>  "data"<\/span>: {
<\/span><\/span>    "ip"<\/span>: "210.75.225.254"<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>    "country"<\/span>: "中国"<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>    "area"<\/span>: "华北"<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>    "region"<\/span>: "北京市"<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>    "city"<\/span>: "北京市"<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>    "county"<\/span>: ""<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>    "isp"<\/span>: "电信"<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>    "country_id"<\/span>: "86"<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>    "area_id"<\/span>: "100000"<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>    "region_id"<\/span>: "110000"<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>    "city_id"<\/span>: "110000"<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>    "county_id"<\/span>: "-1"<\/span>,
<\/span><\/span>    "isp_id"<\/span>: "100017"<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>  }
<\/span><\/span>}
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>
code<\/code>: 0表示成功，1表示失败<\/li>
region<\/code>: 省份信息（如"山西省"）<\/li>
<\/ul>
三、核心代码实现<\/h2>
1. 基础查询函数<\/h3>
#!\/usr\/bin\/python3<\/span>
<\/span><\/span># -*- coding: utf-8 -*-<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>import<\/span> requests
<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>def<\/span> checkip<\/span>(ip):
<\/span><\/span>    try<\/span>:
<\/span><\/span>        URL =<\/span> 'http:\/\/ip.taobao.com\/service\/getIpInfo.php?ip='<\/span> +<\/span> ip
<\/span><\/span>        r =<\/span> requests.<\/span>get(URL, timeout=<\/span>3<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>        json_data =<\/span> r.<\/span>json()
<\/span><\/span>        region =<\/span> json_data['data'<\/span>]['region'<\/span>]
<\/span><\/span>        return<\/span> region
<\/span><\/span>    except<\/span>:
<\/span><\/span>        return<\/span> None<\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>2. 文件读取与处理<\/h3>
with<\/span> open('ips.txt'<\/span>) as<\/span> f:
<\/span><\/span>    ips =<\/span> f.<\/span>read().<\/span>split("<\/span>\n<\/span>"<\/span>)  # 按行读取IP并分割成列表<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>for<\/span> ip in<\/span> ips:
<\/span><\/span>    region =<\/span> checkip(ip)
<\/span><\/span>    if<\/span> region ==<\/span> '山西省'<\/span>:
<\/span><\/span>        print(ip)
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>3. 结果写入文件<\/h3>
with<\/span> open('result.txt'<\/span>, 'a'<\/span>) as<\/span> fw:
<\/span><\/span>    fw.<\/span>write('<\/span>\n<\/span>'<\/span> +<\/span> ip)  # 追加模式写入符合条件的IP<\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>四、完整代码示例<\/h2>
#!\/usr\/bin\/python3<\/span>
<\/span><\/span># -*- coding: utf-8 -*-<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>import<\/span> requests
<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>def<\/span> checkip<\/span>(ip):
<\/span><\/span>    try<\/span>:
<\/span><\/span>        URL =<\/span> 'http:\/\/ip.taobao.com\/service\/getIpInfo.php?ip='<\/span> +<\/span> ip
<\/span><\/span>        r =<\/span> requests.<\/span>get(URL, timeout=<\/span>3<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>        json_data =<\/span> r.<\/span>json()
<\/span><\/span>        region =<\/span> json_data['data'<\/span>]['region'<\/span>]
<\/span><\/span>        return<\/span> region
<\/span><\/span>    except<\/span>:
<\/span><\/span>        return<\/span> None<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>with<\/span> open('ips.txt'<\/span>) as<\/span> f:
<\/span><\/span>    ips =<\/span> f.<\/span>read().<\/span>split("<\/span>\n<\/span>"<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span>with<\/span> open('shanxi_ips.txt'<\/span>, 'w'<\/span>) as<\/span> fw:
<\/span><\/span>    for<\/span> ip in<\/span> ips:
<\/span><\/span>        if<\/span> ip.<\/span>strip():  # 跳过空行<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>            region =<\/span> checkip(ip)
<\/span><\/span>            if<\/span> region ==<\/span> '山西省'<\/span>:
<\/span><\/span>                fw.<\/span>write(ip +<\/span> '<\/span>\n<\/span>'<\/span>)
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>五、关键知识点<\/h2>
1. 异常处理<\/h3>

使用try\/except<\/code>防止程序因异常中断<\/li>
处理网络请求超时、JSON解析错误等情况<\/li>
<\/ul>
2. 文件操作模式<\/h3>



模式<\/th>
描述<\/th>
<\/tr>
<\/thead>


r<\/td>
只读（默认）<\/td>
<\/tr>

w<\/td>
写入（覆盖）<\/td>
<\/tr>

a<\/td>
追加<\/td>
<\/tr>

r+<\/td>
读写<\/td>
<\/tr>

w+<\/td>
写读（覆盖）<\/td>
<\/tr>

a+<\/td>
追加读写<\/td>
<\/tr>

b<\/td>
二进制模式<\/td>
<\/tr>
<\/tbody>
<\/table>
3. 上下文管理器<\/h3>
使用with<\/code>语句自动管理文件资源：<\/p>
with<\/span> open('file.txt'<\/span>) as<\/span> f:
<\/span><\/span>    data =<\/span> f.<\/span>read()
<\/span><\/span># 文件会自动关闭<\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>六、优化建议<\/h2>

添加进度显示<\/strong>：处理大量IP时可显示进度<\/li>
多线程处理<\/strong>：加快批量查询速度<\/li>
缓存机制<\/strong>：避免重复查询相同IP<\/li>
参数化配置<\/strong>：将目标省份、输入输出文件名设为参数<\/li>
日志记录<\/strong>：记录处理过程和错误信息<\/li>
<\/ol>
七、扩展应用<\/h2>

可修改为查询任意指定地区的IP<\/li>
可统计各地区IP数量分布<\/li>
可结合其他IP库接口提高准确性<\/li>
可开发为可视化工具展示IP地理分布<\/li>
<\/ol>
通过本教程，您已掌握使用Python3通过第三方接口查询IP归属地并筛选特定地区IP的核心方法。可根据实际需求进一步扩展和完善功能。<\/p>

模式<\/th>	描述<\/th> <\/tr> <\/thead>
r<\/td>	只读（默认）<\/td> <\/tr>
w<\/td>	写入（覆盖）<\/td> <\/tr>
a<\/td>	追加<\/td> <\/tr>
r+<\/td>	读写<\/td> <\/tr>
w+<\/td>	写读（覆盖）<\/td> <\/tr>
a+<\/td>	追加读写<\/td> <\/tr>
b<\/td>	二进制模式<\/td> <\/tr> <\/tbody> <\/table> 3. 上下文管理器<\/h3> 使用`with<\/code>语句自动管理文件资源：<\/p>` with<\/span> open('file.txt'<\/span>) as<\/span> f: <\/span><\/span> data =<\/span> f.<\/span>read() <\/span><\/span># 文件会自动关闭<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre>六、优化建议<\/h2> 添加进度显示<\/strong>：处理大量IP时可显示进度<\/li> 多线程处理<\/strong>：加快批量查询速度<\/li> 缓存机制<\/strong>：避免重复查询相同IP<\/li> 参数化配置<\/strong>：将目标省份、输入输出文件名设为参数<\/li> 日志记录<\/strong>：记录处理过程和错误信息<\/li> <\/ol> 七、扩展应用<\/h2> 可修改为查询任意指定地区的IP<\/li> 可统计各地区IP数量分布<\/li> 可结合其他IP库接口提高准确性<\/li> 可开发为可视化工具展示IP地理分布<\/li> <\/ol> 通过本教程，您已掌握使用Python3通过第三方接口查询IP归属地并筛选特定地区IP的核心方法。可根据实际需求进一步扩展和完善功能。<\/p>